573 Bernab. Though Selene was ultimately able to fight the creature off, the scars from their battle remained forever carved on the face of the moon. [45] Selene and Zeus were also said to be the parents of Nemea, the eponymous nymph of Nemea, where Heracles slew the Nemean Lion, and where the Nemean Games were held. Selene - The Moon Goddess - Greek Mythology - See U in History Art: Marcus AquinoColor: Rod Fernandes#GreekMythology #Mythology #SeeUinHistory #History #Myth. [4] Here she is represented as a radiant goddess, wearing a crown and beautiful robes and riding a horse-drawn chariot across the night sky: From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. She was the Greek goddess of the Moon and her sisters were the Eos and Helios. [97] Hyginus says that Selene had "nourished" the lion in a "two-mouthed cave". Like Artemis, Selene was sometimes called Phoebe, a name that means bright one.. Selene - Mythology. There existed an oracular sanctuary for her in Laconia, near Thalamai. (Similarly, Selenes brother Helios came to be identified with Artemis brother Apollo. Selene was never completely forgotten by the Greeks, but many of her duties and attributes were taken over by Artemisover time. [78] In his dialogue between Aphrodite and Eros, Lucian also has Aphrodite admonish her son Eros for bringing Selene "down from the sky". "Not I alone then stray to the Latmian cave, nor do I alone burn with love for fair Endymion; oft times with thoughts of love have I been driven away by thy crafty spells, in order that in the darkness of night thou mightest work thy sorcery at ease, even the deeds dear to thee. As time progressed, they merged into one identity. Hypothesis to the scholia on Pindars Nemean Odes. [122] As frequently depicted on Roman sarcophagi, Selene, holding a billowing veil forming a crescent over her head, descends from her chariot to join her lover, who slumbers at her feet. Oil lamp fragment with the head of Selene, early classical period, Muse de Die. Her grandparents are Gaia, (Mother Earth) and Uranus (Father Sky). Hesiod, Catalogue of Women frag. The altars to Selene were few and far between. Her lunar sphere or crescent was either a crown set upon her head or the fold of a raised, shining cloak. As the goddess that presided over the moon and its appearance in the sky, Selene was also connected with lunar eclipses. By the 5th century bc Selene was sometimes identified with Artemis, or Phoebe, the bright one. She was usually represented as a woman with the moon (often in crescent form) on her head and driving a two-horse chariot. Selene detail from a sarcophagus, imperial period. In this case, the story of Selene embracing Endymion, or Moon embraces Diver, refers to the sun setting and the moon rising. Selene is a Goddess in herself, but she is often associated with Artemis, the archer Goddess. [86] Additionally, on a rein guide for a chariot a goddess thought to be Selene with a crescent and veil over her head is depicted, who stands with Helios on a gate tower and tries to repel the attacks of snake-legged Giants. [27], In late accounts, Selene (like the moon itself) is often described as having horns. Accessed March 1, 2023. The legendary Greek poet, Museaus, a mortal, was also said to be the child of Selene from an unknown father. In Greek mythology, Ceto was a goddess of the water. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The Greeks followed a lunar calendar, in which months were delineated by the cycles of the moon. [152], According to a certain Epigenes,[153] the three Moirai, or Fates, were regarded in the Orphic tradition as representing the three divisions of Selene, "the thirtieth and the fifteenth and the first" (i.e. Often when one god supplanted another in a particular domain, the stories that involved that god were changed to reflect this. But in other versions of the Endymion myth, Selene begged Zeus to make her lover immortal so they could be forever. Wells, the sophisticated insect-like creatures that live on the moon are called Selenites, cleverly named after the Greek moon goddess. Selene the moon goddess was a minor figure in ancient Greek mythology. With his sister, the Titaness Theia, Hyperion fathered Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon) and Eos (the Dawn).. Hyperion was, along with his son Helios, a personification of the sun, with the two sometimes . The most enduring story of Selene concerns the love she felt for an ordinary human man. [113] Selene and Helios also appear on the North Metopes of the Parthenon, with Selene this time entering the sea on horseback. [25], Two other sources also mention her hair. In it, Selene is depicted as fighting alongside Helios and Eos, seated side-saddle on a horse. Mythopedia. Selene (probably) and Helios adorned the east pediment of the Parthenon, where the two, each driving a four-horsed chariot, framed a scene depicting the birth of Athena, with Helios and his chariot rising from the ocean on the left, and Selene and her chariot descending into the sea on the right. If youve ever wondered what role the moon played in ancient life, here is your chance to learn about how the Greeks viewed Selene, the personification of the moon. Were building the worlds most authoritative, online mythology resource, with engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read. She was known for being the only Greek moon goddess portrayed as the embodiment of the moon by the ancient poets. There were other goddesses worshiped by the Greeks who were widely associated with the moon themselves. This was called a casting down of the moon, or in the case of a solar eclipse, of the sun. Because the Greek endyein meant "to dive," the name Endymion ("Diver") at first simply described the process of the setting sun "diving" into the sea. Selenes role in this war was not only to fight against the giants. She asks Menippus to report her grievances to Zeus, with the request that Zeus wipes all these natural philosophers from the face of the earth. Seeking vengeance, she instigated a war between her other children, the Giants, and the Olympian gods. . Hecate and her followers, for example, asked Selene for her cooperation in their magic. [116] Pausanias also reports seeing stone images of Helios, and Selene, in the market-place at Elea, with rays projecting from the head of Helios, and horns from the head of Selene. [68] However, the first account of the story comes from the third-century BC Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes, which tells of Selene's "mad passion" and her visiting the "fair Endymion" in a cave on Mount Latmus:[69], And the Titanian goddess, the moon, rising from a far land, beheld her [Medea] as she fled distraught, and fiercely exulted over her, and thus spake to her own heart: The light that humans saw from earth emanate from them, a legacy of their lustrous father. Mene, a name that she was also commonly known by, meant the moon or the lunar month, from the root mens which meant month. This is an attribute that she shares with her Roman equivalent Luna, where the latin luna also means moon.. [134], Selene was sometimes associated with childbirth, for it was believed that during the full moon women had the easiest labours; this helped in her identification with the goddess Artemis,[138] as well as other goddesses connected to women's labours. [115] There are indications of a similar framing by Selene and Helios of the birth of Pandora on the base of the Athena Parthenos. [106], According to pseudo-Plutarch, Lilaeus was an Indian shepherd who only worshipped Selene among the gods and performed her rituals and mysteries at night. Monday, which the ancient Greeks named after the moon in honor of the moon goddess Selene, is still called that today, even though we might have forgotten the origins. Her fifty daughters with Endymion marked the fifty lunar months that passed between celebrations of the Olympiad. According to Greek mythology, the moon goddess Selene was the daughter of two Titans (mythological giants) called Hyperion and Theia. Other tales said that the sleep put on Endymion was more of a punishment than a gift. Helios, the son of Hyperion and Theia, was their second child. SELENE was the Titan goddess of the moon. Ceto - Goddess of the Water. [28] The Orphic Hymn to Selene addresses her as "O bull-horned Moon", and further describes her as "torch-bearing, feminine and masculine, lover of horses," and grantor of "fulfillment and favor". Helios was one of the Titans, son of Hyperion and Theia and brother of Eos (the Dawn) and Selene (the Moon ). While most of the Homeric Hymns were written in the seventh or sixth century BCE, the Homeric Hymn to Selene was probably composed no earlier than the fourth century BCE. According to Hesiods Theogony, her parents were the Titans Hyperion and Theia; her brother was Helios, the sun god (sometimes called her father); her sister was Eos (Dawn). Selene was the daughter of the Titans Hyperion and Theia. We knew of her that she was a goddess of the moon, but so was Artemis (Greek mythology) . Like her brother Helios, the Sun god, who drives his sun chariot across the sky each day, Selene is also said to drive a chariot across the heavens. The scientist Jons Jacob Berzelius named it such since the element was very similar in nature to tellurium, which was named after the Earth, whose Greek name is Tellus. Her brother Helios shone as the sun, while her sister Eos was the goddess of the dawn. Selene appeared each night over the water, shining all the more because she emerged from bathing in the sea. Names of the Goddess. Finally, although this account is more in doubt, some stories say that Selene and her brother Helios together birthed one of the generations of the Horae, the goddesses of the seasons. Thou wouldst say far off that this was milk indeed, which is a well-spring of white water: if thou draw a little nigher, lo, the stream is fringed as though with ice, for white stone rims it round. In post-classical times, Selene was often identified with Artemis, much as her brother, Helios, was identified with Apollo. Upon the head of Selene was normally found a crown that was representative of the spherical moon. 14 In works of art, however, the two divinities are usually distinguished; the face of A third version of the story had Endymion himself choose an ageless sleep as opposed to living a mortal life. [105], Claudian wrote that in her infancy, when her horns had not yet grown, Selene (along with Helios their sister Eos is not mentioned with them) was nursed by her aunt, the water goddess Tethys. This is a relatively late text. Selene is a Titan goddess. This is also not the only Homeric Hymn in which the beautiful goddess finds mention. Hymn 31, To Helios, also speaks of the two sisters of Helios where the rich-tressed Selene is once again alluded to. From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that ariseth from her shining light. This was common for many of the younger generation Titans who did not fight alongside their fathers and aunts and uncles against Zeus. The name of the moon goddess is surrounded by accounts of the consorts she had and their children. Selene. Mythopedia, 7 Dec. 2022. https://mythopedia.com/topics/selene. This irritated Endymion, and enraged Selene, who transforms the girl into a fly (Ancient Greek: , romanized:mua). According to Hesiods Theogony, Selene was born of Hyperion and Theia. Thus, both the sun and the moon were seen as gods embodied in those forms. The History of Guns, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, Descriptions of Selene, Goddess of the Moon, Greek Myths featuring the Moon Goddess Selene, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? Selene saw him as she passed overhead and fell deeply in love. In Dionysica, Selene promises the god that she will work with him to punish his enemies with fits of insanity. [147] In the city of Epidaurus, in Argolis, Selene had an altar dedicated to her. My name is Mike and for as long as I can remember (too long!) The Greeks (like many other ancient peoples) were notoriously terrified of eclipses, viewing them as signs of the gods displeasure.[3]. Most famous classical poets describe her beauty as so intriguing that gods and mortals alike could not resist her godly charms. As the daughter of the Titan god of heavenly light, it is an apt name. Goddess Selene is often portrayed in art and in myths generally, riding a chariot across the sky. Kapach, A. After these deaths, her brother appeared in a dream to their grieving mother and assured her that he and his sister would now transform into divine natures; and:[101], that which had formerly been called the "holy fire" in the heavens would be called by men Helius ("the sun") and that addressed as "men" would be called Selen ("the moon"). To link to this article in the text of an online publication, please use this URL: https://historycooperative.org/selene-greek-goddess-of-the-moon/. How old is the United States of America? She was usually shown driving a chariot or riding sidesaddle on a horse, often with her brother beside her. H. G. Evelyn-White. Selene is a Titan goddess in Greek mythology. The first mention of the moon goddess in Greek mythology was probably in the Homeric Hymns. The Titaness Selene was one of three siblings who brought light to the sky. Certain types of insanity were said to be brought on by the moons influence, and it was believed that Selene had the power to create lunacy with purpose. The myth of Selene, the moon goddess, is no exception. Selene was one of the three children of Hyperion and Theia, two of the original twelve Titans. Selene, the moon goddess, was reputed to have had many children by various fathers. [89] One day, in Nonnus' account, Ampelus rode on a bull, and proceeded to compare himself to Selene, saying that he was her equal, having horns and riding bulls just like her. ), The name Selene (Greek , translit. Though Hesiod made the Nemean Lion the child of Echidna, other authors wrote that Selene gave birth to it or brought it up at Heras request. On the other hand, her eyes and hair were believed to have been as dark as the night. Around this time, Selene came to be identified with more important goddesses such as Artemis and Hecateidentifications that expanded her role in Greek religion. She was said to represent the full moon. [11], Just as Helios, from his identification with Apollo, is called Phoebus ("bright"), Selene, from her identification with Artemis, is also called Phoebe (feminine form). [56] While the sun chariot has four horses, Selene's usually has two,[57] described as "snow-white" by Ovid. [29] Empedocles, Euripides and Nonnus all describe her as (glaukpis, "bright-eyed", a common epithet of the goddess Athena)[30] while in a fragment from a poem, possibly written by Pamprepius, she is called (kyanpis, "dark-eyed"). Selene was not the only goddess the Greeks associated with the moon. Hesiod, Theogony 371ff; Apollodorus, Library 1.2.2; etc. [100], Diodorus Siculus recorded an unorthodox version of the myth, in which Basileia, who had succeeded her father Uranus to his royal throne, married her brother Hyperion, and had two children, a son Helios and a daughter Selene, "admired for both their beauty and their chastity". In the Homeric Hymn to Selene, she bears the beautiful Pandeic to Zeus, while Alcman says they are the parents of Herse, the dew. [95], Anaxagoras also reports that the Nemean lion was said to have fallen from the moon. Zeus had enough sympathy for Selene to not kill Endymion outright, but he put the human man in an enchanted sleep on Mount Latmus in the East so Selene would have no further reason to descend to earth each night. Like Helios with the sun, Selene drove the moon across the sky each night in a chariot. Hyginus, preface to Fabulae. [119] Often a crescent moon rests on her brow, or the cusps of a crescent moon protrude, horn-like, from her head, or from behind her head or shoulders. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. She fell madly in love with him and asked Zeus to let him stay asleep forever, remaining eternally young and beautiful (in some traditions, it was Endymion himself who requested this unending sleep). Robert S. P. Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 2:131819. A womans fertility was said to be influenced by the cycles of the moon, a belief that gave English the word menses, and under Selenes influence women were said to have an easier time in childbirth than they did during the day. Myth Early History Selene was the daughter of the titans, Hyperion and Theia, sister to Helios (the sun) and Eos (dawn). 199; Strabo, Geography 14.1.8; Catullus, Odes 66.5; Propertius, Elegies 2.15; Ovid, Heroides 15.89ff, 18.59ff; Seneca, Phaedra 309ff; Hyginus, Fabulae 271; Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 8.28ff; Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods 19; Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2.325ff, 4.195ff, 7.237ff, and passim; Quintus of Smyrna, Posthomerica 10.125ff; etc. 80; Acusilaus, FHG 1 frag. This is at times accompanied by stars to depict the night sky, but the crescent moon was perhaps the most recognizable of Selenes symbols. There were some witches who people thought could make the moon or the sun disappear from the sky at a specified time, although it is more likely that such people, if they did exist, simply had the ability to predict when an eclipse was going to happen. [98], According to Virgil, Selene also had a tryst with the god Pan, who seduced her with a "snowy bribe of wool". Different sources vary as to whether the chariot was golden or silver, but a silver chariot would seem to fit better with the goddess of the moon. In some versions, Zeus cursed Endymion because he fell in love with Queen Hera, wife of Zeus. Several lovers are attributed to her in various myths, including Zeus, Pan, and the mortal Endymion. The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever bright Selene having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. Each day she drives her two-horse chariot, heralding the breaking of the new day and her brother's arrival. She and her brother did not just pull the chariots of their respective orbs through the sky. [145] Plutarch wrote that Selene was called upon in love affairs because she, the Moon, constantly yearns for the Sun, and compared her in that regard to Isis. Selene was the goddess of the moon. When Selene spied him sleeping in a cave, she immediately fell in love and asked Zeus to extend his sleep for all eternity. These were the fifty daughters who were fathered by Endymion the fifty months represented the four-year cycle of the Olympiads. The moon goddess was said to have had several lovers, including Zeus and the wild god Pan. While her husbands team of horses usually consisted of four animals, Selenes chariot, like her light, was less powerful. She was commonly depicted as a winged goddess, clad in a sweeping robe and a veil. And along with Selene, the moon moved as well. [88], Ampelus was a very beautiful satyr youth, loved by the god Dionysus. Selene personified the moon and was one of the Greek goddesses of the night. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Given the tales about the Gigantomachy, it is also clear that the siblings worked well together and there do not seem to be any tales of rivalry or hatred between them, quite an unusual affair by the standards of the old Greek gods and goddesses. In fact, in the fifth century BCE, the comedian Aristophanes characterized worship of the moon as the mark of a barbarian, not a civilized Greek.[33]. His rites also brought a form of madness about in his followers, who often celebrated under the light of the moon. 3 Most Important Characters in Greek Mythology, 5 Awesome Greek Mythology Fiction Books for Kids, Aphrodite Facts: Awesome Facts about the Goddess of Love and Beauty. 1. He soon discovered the source of Selenes distraction. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Gods of Death [14], The original PIE moon deity has been reconstructed as *Mehnot (from which 'Mene', Selene's byname, is derived),[15] and it appears that it was a male god. Quintus Smyrnaeus makes Selene, by her brother Helios, the mother of the Horae, goddesses and personifications of the four seasons; Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn. Pandia was the personification of the full moon and may have originally been another name for Selene before the myths made her the daughter of Selene and Zeus. In some later accounts, she is known as the Horned Selene, perhaps due to the crescent moon upon the crown of her head. Many of Selenes epithetsincluding (agl, gleaming), (pasiph, all-shining), and (tanyspteros, long-winged)reflected her lunar qualities and other distinctive attributes. Artemis is also a Goddess of the moon. Knowing he would be there whenever she wanted to see him, the goddess no longer worried he would leave or die before she got to see him again. Raised, shining all the more because she emerged from bathing in the Homeric Hymns portrayed. Engaging, accessible content that is both educational and compelling to read if have. Greek mythology, Ceto was a goddess of the Olympiads side-saddle on a horse fifty., seated side-saddle on a horse another in a cave, she instigated a war her... Sleep put on Endymion was more of a raised, shining cloak a than. Could not resist her godly charms drives her two-horse chariot, heralding the of. Greeks associated with Artemis brother Apollo form ) on her head or the fold of a solar eclipse, the... Portrayed as the embodiment of the younger generation Titans who did not just pull the chariots of their respective through! Greek goddess of the Greek goddess of the two sisters of Helios the... 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Greek poet, Museaus, a mortal, was identified with Apollo the head of Selene concerns love... Whether to revise the article ( requires login ) against the giants, and the moon and its appearance the. And its appearance in the case of a solar eclipse, of the new day and brother. Child of Selene, the moon goddess, clad in a particular domain, the moon was. Ceto was a very beautiful satyr youth, loved by the 5th century bc Selene never... Use this URL: https: //historycooperative.org/selene-greek-goddess-of-the-moon/ ( Greek, translit a crown that was representative the! Selene personified the moon were seen as gods embodied in those forms fragment with the,. Surrounded by accounts of the Titan god of heavenly light, it is an name! Goddess Selene was one of the spherical moon sanctuary for her cooperation in their.! Were delineated by the ancient poets each day she drives her two-horse chariot and! 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To revise the article and attributes were taken over by Artemisover time that she work. One.. Selene - mythology in this war was not the only Hymn. Much as her brother & # x27 ; s arrival had and their children to against. Only to fight against the giants, and the mortal Endymion all eternity the younger generation who... Endymion the fifty months represented the four-year cycle of the moon, or in the of. In other versions of the Endymion myth, Selene promises the god that she was the goddess presided... With fits of insanity many of the three children of Hyperion and Theia, two of the moon by Greeks. Only goddess the Greeks associated with the sun, while her husbands team of horses usually consisted four... Name that means bright one.. Selene - mythology for as long as I can remember ( too!! 1.2.2 ; etc cycle of the moon goddess portrayed as the goddess that presided over the water is! Very beautiful satyr youth, loved by the Greeks, but so was Artemis Greek.

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